The San Bernardino road tunnel is a road tunnel on the A13 motorway/expressway in southeastern Switzerland, completed in 1967 and replacing the San Bernardino Pass road. It begins near the town of San Bernardino, Graubünden and ends 6.6 km (4.1 mi) north in Hinterrhein.
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The speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph) is enforced by means of speed-check cameras. This road tunnel is considerably less prone to traffic jams than the St. Gotthard Tunnel.
The San Bernardino Tunnel is part of the A13 as a single carriageway freeway and therefore passes through one bore without a central physical structure. As there is only one lane per direction, overtaking (passing other vehicles) inside the tunnel is not permitted.
A major tunnel fire between France and Italy in 1999 triggered a general safety review of road tunnels in several countries including Switzerland. In September 2007, the San Bernardino Tunnel saw the completion of a major safety upgrade. Lighting has been increased and become more evenly diffused, with a corresponding improvement in visibility. Particular care has been taken with the visibility of access points to the reworked escape tunnel, minimizing the risk of escape routes becoming obscured by smoke in the event of a major conflagration.
In 1967, the 6.6-kilometre (4.1 mi) long San Bernardino Tunnel was opened as part of the National Road N13 (today A13), between the villages of Hinterrhein and San Bernardino. The tunnel connected Eastern Switzerland with the Canton of Ticino, and is the second most important after the Gotthard Alpine crossing for freight and private transport in Switzerland. At the time of planning the current traffic density was not yet clear. From today's perspective, the roadway is very tight, and the ventilation systems did not meet modern requirements. Separate emergency-escape tunnels did not exist. The San Bernardino route serves the international area as an escape route to the A2 (particularly after the accidental, temporary closure of the Gotthard tunnel in 2001), although the route climbs to 8%, close to Wendekehren and the narrow tunnel is unsuitable for heavy vehicles. The corresponding pressures had necessitated a renewal of the tunnel, and the refurbishment started in 1991, was completed in 2006. The following modifications were made:
The total construction costs amounted to approximately CHF 236 million (approximately 148 million Euros).
The Mason valley, one of the Italian-speaking southern valleys of Grisons, has since the opening of the tunnel, throughout the year on a secure server with the rest of the canton. However, the pass is open only in summer.
The old name "Vogelberg" may refer to the migratory birds who pass by here every year in large flocks. These have now also discovered the tunnel as a 'shortcut'. Sometimes, the traffic must be stopped so that the birds find their way undisturbed.